(Dromaeosauridae,(Archaeopteryx,(Rahonavis,(Jeholornis,((Sapeornis,((Chaoyangia,Zhongjianornis,Vorona,Chaweiniao,Jianchangornis,Archaeorhynchus,Songlinornis,Apsaravis,Yanornis,Patagopteryx,Hollanda,Yixianornis,Gansus,Ichthyornis,Enaliornis,Limenavis,Ambiortus,(Longicrusavis,Hongshanornis),(Baptornis_advenus,(Baptornis_varneri,(Hesperornis,Parahesperornsi))),(Vegavis,Anas,Gallus)),((Gobipteryx,Iberomesornis,Vescornis,Fortunguavis,Otogornis,(((Boluochia,Longipteryx),(Rapaxavis,(Longirostravis,Shanweiniao))),(shenqiornis,Eocathayornis)),(Pengornis,(Sulcavis,(Neuquenornis,(Eoenantiornis,(Concornis,(Eoalulavis,Liaoningornis))))))),(Elsornis,Protopteryx)))),(Eoconfuciusornis,((Confuciusornis_sanctus,Changchengornis),(Jinzhouornis,Confuciusornis_dui))))))));